Starting a Company (GmbH/UG) in Germany

Estimated total: ~109 days

1. 1. Choose the legal form (GmbH / UG)

   A GmbH requires €25,000 share capital (at least €12,500 paid at founding). The UG starts from €1 with a reserve obligation. The IHK advises free of charge.

   ~7 daysOfficial source

2. 2. Articles of association and notary

   Prepare the articles of association and have them notarised. A standard protocol (Musterprotokoll) is possible for simple foundations.

   Required documents

   • Articles of association
   • Valid passport / ID
   ~7 days

3. 3. Business account and capital deposit

   Open a business bank account and deposit the share capital. The deposit receipt is required for registration.

   Required documents

   • Deposit receipt
   ~7 days

4. 4. Registration in the commercial register

   The notary files the founding with the commercial register. Upon entry the GmbH/UG becomes a legal entity.

   ~14 daysOfficial source

5. 5. Trade registration and tax office

   Register the trade at the Gewerbeamt and obtain the tax number from the Finanzamt. Apply for the VAT ID if needed.

   Required documents

   • Trade registration form
   ~14 days

6. 6. Self-employment residence permit (§21) — if needed

   As a non-EU national you need a self-employment residence permit (§21 Residence Act); a business plan and financing proof are assessed. The mission/immigration office decides.

   Required documents

   • Business plan
   • Financing proof
   ~60 daysOfficial source

This is a general guide, not individual legal advice. For your case, the consulate or a licensed expert is decisive.